Before enrolling its first patient, the study was stopped.

These clinical trials have finished normally and treatment and/or follow-up visits have ended.

These clinical trials have ended early and will not start again. When a clinical trial is terminated, it means participants stop being treated or followed. 

These clinical trials have been stopped early but they may start again.

These clinical trials are already underway and new participants are not being enrolled.

These studies are not open to the general public even if a person meets all eligibility criteria. Instead, a select group of patients determined by the researchers are invited to join the trial.

Patients who meet eligibility criteria are currently being enrolled in these clinical trials

The researchers have not yet started recruiting patients for these clinical trials

Groups of participants are treated with multiple interventions in a specific order. For instance, participants in one group will receive drug A first and drug B second, while participants in another group with receive drug B first and drug A second.

Participants do not receive any intervention or treatment.

Participants receive a device or procedure that is made to look the same as the device or procedure that is being studied in the clinical trial, but does not have any active components

Participants receive a placebo, a treatment that has no therapeutic effect.

Participants receive a type of treatment that is already known to be effective

Participants receive the treatment that is the subject of the clinical trial.

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial (usually an interventional study) that receives the same intervention or no intervention, consistent with the study protocol. 

A group of participants who share the same characteristics. Cohorts are often used in observational studies. 

A type of clinical study design where researchers observe participants but do not control the treatment they receive. These types of studies are usually done when it is difficult or unethical to randomly assign participants to experimental groups.

 A type of clinical study design that allows researchers to test a potential treatment (or intervention) in participants.

The process used to make participants in clinical trials aware of potential risks and benefits of participation. 

An adolescent’s agreement to participate in a clinical trial. Before giving assent, the clinical trial must be explained in a way the child can understand. Additionally, both parents need to permit participation.

Cancer treatment that targets the entire body. Chemotherapy is the most common form of Systemic cancer therapy. 

Cancer that has not grown or spread past the primary site.

Cancer that has spread from where it started (call the primary site) to other parts of the body.

Cancer is not responding to treatment.

Cancer has returned after treatment and after a period where no cancer was detected.

Cancer or tumor that can be removed completely with surgery

Cancer or tumor that cannot be removed completely with surgery

Used to measure deaths from all causes that occurred during a clinical trial.

Any unwanted medical occurrence that is considered life-threatening, leads to hospitalization or increases existing hospitalization, disrupts the ability to conduct normal life functions, leads to congenital anomalies or birth defects, or results in death. 

Any unwanted medical occurrence that takes place during a clinical trial or within the follow-up period. These events may or may not be caused by participation in the clinical trial.